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Composition of Municipal Waste
Straka, David ; Musilová, Petra (referee) ; Elbl, Patrik (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the composition of municipal and mixed municipal waste. Introduction of the research part deals with the composition and properties of waste. In the next section, the waste is considered as fuel and compared with conventional solid fuels. The conculusion of the research part is devoted to the research of the waste composition from selected incinerators adn foreign countries. The compulational part of the thesis deals with the determation of energy properties of the waste.
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Waste horizon
Ochotná, Barbora ; Rypl Žabčíková, Ada (referee) ; Kristek, Jan (advisor)
The city is a place of accumulation, production and reproduction of production resources and consumption of goods, but waste typically accumulates outside it. It falls out of our horizon physically and mentally. The waste we produce changes the landscape and transforms the processes on earth without most of us visiting the "places of transformation". The project works with the idea of redirecting the final phase of the production chain back to the place of consumption by producing elements of public space from municipal waste. The presentation of waste leads to an awareness of its amount and degree of consumption. At the same time, waste becomes something much more ambivalent, possibly useful or even beautiful.
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Mechanical-biological waste treatment techniques
Wildová, Kristýna ; Gregor, Jiří (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on description of various possibilities of municipal waste treatment in czech waste management system, focusing on potential realisation of mechanical-biological treatment of waste (MBT) in our area. Data analysis of foreign MBT units is included in the thesis, based on this analysis three different model layouts of technology were specified. The findings from foreign MBT units are then being used to creation and setting of a calculation tool, which is the main result of this thesis. The tool is based on residual waste composition and production data and it is able to estimate attainable production and presumptive parameters of MBT technology products.
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Waste-to-Energy in the Czech Republic
Rajkovič, Jaroslav ; Toman, Filip (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on Waste-to-Energy process of municipal waste in the Czech republic. It describes production of municipal waste in the Czech republic, influence of waste composition on burning process and principle of incineration technology. The largest attention is paid to current Waste-to-Energy plants in the Czech republic and new planned projects. Last part of the thesis evaluates fulfilment of Waste management plan of the Czech republic goals.
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Recoverability of municipal waste plastics
Jedličková, Kateřina ; Gregor, Jiří (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is identification of running costs and economical claims connected with production of secondary raw materials from separated plastic waste. It also includes a comparison between treatment of separated plastic waste and treatment of plastics that occur together with residual mixed municipal solid waste.
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The Use of Alternative Sources in the Building Industry
Dvořák, Jakub ; Vymazal, Tomáš (referee) ; Žižková, Nikol (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of waste as alternative raw materials in construction industry. The first part is dedicated to the historical development of waste management, to the valid legislation in the Czech Republic in 2017 and outlines the distribution of waste according to various criteria. The information about waste production and waste management is processed in the form of tables and graphs. The more extensive second part of the thesis uses theoretical knowledge in the field of waste management and on the base of the Waste Separation Catalog is composed a list of waste materials which can be used in construction industry. Further are described the possibilities of suitable waste utilization at production and also mentioned some particular construction products with their features.
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Circular economy using analysis of separated municipal waste
Plánková, Tereza ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Nevrlý, Vlastimír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis analyses the current state of waste management and presents legislation and changes in waste treatment. The ban on landfilling of usable waste from 2024 and the set recycling targets are the main reasons for analysing the production of the separated components. The thesis deals with revealing potential for increasing the material, or energy, recovery of waste. As a key waste stream, biodegradable waste has been identified due to its rapidly growing production for the future. Modelling of production dependence for territorial units was performed using statistical methods in STATISTICA software based on socio-economic factors. The resulting model for production determination was obtained by multidimensional regression analysis. Applying the model to individual waste producers will allow efficient planning of support assets from an economic and infrastructure point of view.
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Waste-based renewable energy production
Strapko, Tibor ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
Following diploma thesis deals with waste-based renewable energy production. Waste is a very heterogeneous mixture consisting of various materials with different origin. This can be either fossil or biogenic. The very substances with biogenic origin are considered renewable energy source with financial support from state. Therefore is nowadays tendency to develop a method, which can determine the biogenic waste ratio. The method, aside possible cheapest price and simplicity, should be also reliable and easy reproducible due to its usage. At the beginning, thesis focuses on the waste-to-energy facilities. Important part deals with legislative side of this topic. The reasons, why Czech Republic is behind with thermal waste treating are stated as well as Czech Republic’s obligations to European Union in the field of biodegradable municipal solid waste. Main part of thesis deals with different methods to determine biogenic waste ratio in municipal solid waste. Step by step are introduces 4 known methods, where especially sorting, balance and 14C methods are described closely. By each method are stated its major benefits and handicaps in case of using. Finally, the computational model, which is based upon balance methods equations, is introduced following with feasibility study of balance method for local conditions. The very end of the thesis brings comparison of each method results, general summary, where are results of this thesis stated and possible trends for future in this area of expertise, as well.
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Energy use of waste
Lachman, Jakub ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic. The first part evaluates municipal solid waste (MSW) as fuel, analyzes the influence of its indiviual fractions on the overal properties, mainly the lower heating value, compares MSW with other conventional solid fuels which are thermally used. The second part of the thesis deals with Waste-to-Energy technologies. It is divided into three parts: combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Each contains both the description of the process itself as well as the description of the applied technology. The last chapter contains some of the negative impacts of Waste-to-Energy technologies and a list of measures used to deal with them.
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Recovery of Energy from Municipal Wastes
Šíma, Kamil ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
The topic of the diplome thesis is draft of the waste-to-energy plant for municipal waste with cogeneration of heat. Basic specification of project: Waste-to-Energy plant is facilitated by two rotary kilns of type operating in parallel. Further flue gas leaving the post-combustor enters a multicyclone unit to separate substatial portion of fly-ash. Heat of flue gas at the temperature of 1000°C generates superheated steam in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Dry sorption process is appllied for flue gas treatment. Specifically sodium bi-carbonate is used for it. Products of reactions and remnants of dust are separated by a baghouse. Superheated steam, generated by two HRSG, presents the inlet stream of a condensing steam turbine with steam extraction. The diploma thesis contains calculation of major devices and basic economical and financial statement of project.
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